Air Pollution Management (PM Dust)
Air Pollution and Greenhouse Gas Management
Air pollution is one of the environmental issues that significantly affects human health, ecosystems, and the global climate. Common air pollutants that may cause widespread impacts include nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur oxides (SOx), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), ozone-depleting substances (ODS), particulate matter with a diameter of not more than 10 microns and 2.5 microns (PM10 and PM2.5), as well as greenhouse gases (Disclosure 305-7).
The Company recognizes these impacts and has therefore conducted environmental risk assessments of its business operations to identify potential sources of air pollution and establish appropriate measures for control, prevention, and mitigation. The assessment indicates that the Company’s raw water pumping and transmission process does not directly emit nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur oxides (SOx), ozone-depleting substances (ODS), or volatile organic compounds (VOCs). However, air pollutants and greenhouse gas emissions may occur indirectly from the consumption of electricity purchased from the Provincial Electricity Authority and the Metropolitan Electricity Authority, as well as from the use of fuel in the Company’s vehicles.
Particulate Matter (PM10 and PM2.5)
The Company places importance on managing particulate matter impacts throughout its value chain, particularly in construction project activities. Environmental risk assessments identified particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) as a significant risk issue, as it may affect the respiratory system, the health of workers, and surrounding communities near project sites.
The Company requires monitoring and control of particulate matter levels at construction sites in accordance with legally prescribed standards. The regulatory limits are PM10 not exceeding 120 micrograms per cubic meter and PM2.5 not exceeding 37.50 micrograms per cubic meter.
In 2025, the Company implemented a construction project for an industrial water production system for a private industrial estate in Rayong Province. Random monitoring of particulate matter levels was conducted within the project area before operations, during operations, and after operations, as follows:
| PM10 (µg/m³) Standard limits: not exceeding 120 µg/m³: |
PM2.5 (µg/m³) Standard limits: not exceeding 37.50 µg/m³: |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Before operations (30 minutes) | During operations | After operations (30 minutes) | Before operations (30 minutes) | During operations | After operations (30 minutes) |
| 59 | 114 | 77 | 11 | 22 | 16 |
The monitoring results of particulate matter at the project site indicated that PM10 and PM2.5 levels were within the prescribed standards, reflecting the effectiveness of the Company’s control and preventive measures for particulate matter impacts, as follows:
- Enclose construction areas to prevent the dispersion of dust (in areas where enclosure can be implemented).
- Dust-generating materials must be covered, enclosed, or sprayed with water or other appropriate methods.
- Spray water in construction areas and surrounding areas to suppress dust, and regularly clean the construction site to prevent dust generated from construction activities from dispersing outside the project area.
- Avoid working close to heavy machinery such as backhoes and dump trucks.
- Wear masks or nose coverings while working in the area.
- Avoid staying downwind while work is in progress or inside enclosed building areas.
- Concrete cutting machines must be inspected before use and supplied with water for cooling during operation.
- Workers are not allowed to operate in close proximity to machinery that generates dust.